Acid reflux, or GERD, occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the food pipe, causing burning chest pain, sour taste in the mouth, and discomfort after meals or at night.
Persistent or severe reflux can damage the food pipe and significantly affect quality of life, making timely evaluation and treatment essential.
Common Symptoms
Patients with acid reflux commonly experience:
- Burning sensation in chest (heartburn)
- Regurgitation of food or sour fluid
- Throat irritation or chronic cough
- Difficulty swallowing at times
- Worsening of symptoms when lying down
Causes & Diagnosis
GERD is often related to a weak valve at the lower end of the food pipe, obesity, dietary triggers, hiatal hernia, or certain medications.
Cause
Primary Causes
Spicy or fatty foods, late-night meals, obesity, smoking, alcohol, and anatomical factors
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Methods
Upper GI endoscopy, pH monitoring, manometry, and response to medical therapy
Treatment
Treatment Approach
Diet and lifestyle modification, acid‑suppressing medicines, and in selected cases, endoscopic or surgical options
Patient Outcomes
Most patients experience significant relief with structured GERD management and are able to return to normal food and sleep patterns.
- Reduced heartburn and acidity
- Improved sleep quality
- Less dependence on over‑the‑counter antacids
- Protection of the food pipe from acid‑related damage
Long‑standing reflux should be evaluated to prevent complications such as Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal stricture.
Frequently asked question
Many patients can control symptoms long term with lifestyle changes and medicines; some may need prolonged follow‑up.
Yes, chronic reflux can cause esophagitis, narrowing of the food pipe, or pre‑cancerous changes like Barrett’s esophagus.
Endoscopy is advised if symptoms are long‑standing, severe, associated with alarm signs, or not responding to medical therapy.
Weight reduction, avoiding late and heavy dinners, elevating the head of bed, quitting smoking, and limiting spicy, oily foods are very helpful.